Emily Dickinson and Charles Wright :: essays research papers

Faith and spirituality can be explored in the poetry of the New England poet Emily Dickinson and the Southern poet Charles Wright. Dickinson seeks for inspiration in the Bible, while Charles Wright looks to Dickinson as a source of information, guidance and inspiration. Wright suggest that â€Å"[Dickinson’s] poetry [is] an electron microscope trained on the infinite and the idea of God†¦. Her poems are immense voyages into the unknowable.†(Quarter) Charles Wright whose poetry captures a compilation of influences states that "There are three things, basically, that [he] writes about — language, landscape, and the idea of God." Dickinson and Wright centered their poetry in their belief in God and both share the influence of the Bible. Although, Emily Dickinson physically isolated herself from the world she managed to maintain friendships by communicating through correspondence. Ironically, Dickinson’s poetry was collected and published after her death. Dickinson explores life and death in most of her poems by questioning the existence of God. Dickinson applies common human experiences as images to illustrate the connection from the personal level of the human being, to a universal level of faith and God. This can be seen in Dickinson’s Poem (I, 45). There's something quieter than sleep Within this inner room! It wears a sprig upon its breast— And will not tell its name. Some touch it, and some kiss it— Some chafe its idle hand— It has a simple gravity I do not understand! I would not weep if I were they— How rude in one to sob! Might scare the quiet fairy Back to her native wood! While simple-hearted neighbors Chat of the "Early dead"— We—prone to periphrasis Remark that Birds have fled! Dickinson employs vivid impressions of death in this poem. In the first line, she employs the analogy between sleep and death; sleep is silent but death lives within silence. She uses the word â€Å"it† to help identify something other than human. She declares that â€Å"it†¦.will not tell its name† as thought it refuses to speak and then resents the dead for its stillness and laziness. Then she acknowledges the attraction she has to death by doubting its â€Å"gravity†. In the third stanza, she expresses that she would not cry for the dead because not only is it offensive to the dead but it might panic the soul to return to dust. Christians believe that from the earth we are made and once we die, we return to the dust of the earth.

Causes of the boom years in the 1920s Essay

Causes of the boom years Employers were working fewer hours however were being paid more. This therefore meant industrial goods produced were also increasing. American’s had more time for leisure and more money so electrical labour-saving devices were being introduced becoming affordable by many people. Motor cars eased travel to and from work as well as for leisure pursuits. It was the golden age for cinema and sport attracted vast crowds. Reasons for prosperity: government policies Calvin Coolidge stated ‘the chief business of the American people is business.’ This was his government policy to let business operate as far as possible, free of regulation. Andrew Mellon and him believed wealth filtered down naturally to all classes and to ensure increased living standards for all was to allow the rich to continue make money to invest in industrial development which therefore meant more job opportunities, more wage earners, more consumption etc. this policy was laissez-faire but the government intervened to support business in 4 ways: High tariffs: Fordney-McCumber Act 1922 à ¯ raised tariffs to cover difference between domestic and foreign production costs Cheaper to buy goods from USA than abroad Tariff level à ¯ foreign goods more expensive than USA even though produced cheaper in USA Foreign trade reduced = domestic demand for goods high Tax reductions: Government reduced federal taxes – 1924, 1926 and 1928 (benefited wealthy) Mellon à ¯ handed out tax reductions Coolidge à ¯ operated on surplus Aim à ¯ reduced national debt, federal tax cuts = meant little to poor as not able to pay taxes Fewer regulations: Federal Trade Commission à ¯ unable and unwilling to operate effectively causing businesses unhindered Foreign policies: Coolidge à ¯ avoided involvement in foreign affairs due to budget cutting an recognition that Americans didn’t want to see troops getting caught up in foreign disputes. This meant that investors would favour profit ever over ethical concerns Technical advances: Technical advances in industrial production made increases in quantity and variety of products Motor vehicle industry: This industry grew dramatically in the 1920s. It was the largest for commodities. Previously cars had only been for the wealthy but Ford wanted the ordinary to be able to afford one Effects of growth in car ownership: Ford thought this would strengthen traditional American values but it led to: Road deaths à ¯ 20,000 per year By 1929, motor industry employed 7% of all workers and paid them 9% of all wages Closure of Ford à ¯ factor to recession of 1927 Loss of business by companies providing components to Ford real problems in economy Road building: Breaking of laissez-faire à ¯ federal government expend on road building in 1920s Federal Highway Act 1921 à ¯ responsibility for road building to central government and highways. Construction = 10,000 miles per year by 1929 Chief Designer in Bureau of Public Roads 1936 à ¯ roads built unfit for use because of amount of traffic Motor vehicles à ¯ new service industries e.g. garages, petrol stations etc. Improved transportation = new opportunities for industry Electrical consumer goods: New technology = large scale development of labour saving devices as cheaper to produce Serious over production = problems in economy New business methods: Growth of huge corporations Large corporations manufacturing business = could invest in and exploit raw materials of USA on vast scale Large corporations could dominate industry by: Operating cartel (group of companies agreeing to fix output and prices to reduce competition and maximise profits). Although illegal, government accepted which involved exploitation of raw materials, retail outlets etc. Some organisations were able to adapt to holding companies which resulted in firms competing against each other Management science: Increased size of businesses à ¯ complex to manage = different management roles by different people in administration Growth of business schools Management science, occupation for upper class = indication harder to start own company Increased production Advertising and salesmanship: Cinema Millions of cinema-goers to copy lifestyle of stars meant potential for advertising was enormous Radio: Began with KDKA station which announced results in 1920 elections Radio’s controlled by 2 companies with a vast audience Constant need to create demand: Growth in industrial production needed a continuous market in order to fuel the boom as people needed to be convinced to buy things frequently. An aspect of a campaign needed to be bought in which would differentiate between one’s product and that of the competitors to promote unique selling point. Advertising techniques worked for many consumers. Easy credit: Massive consumer boom was financed largely by easy credit facilities 1929 à ¯ $7 billion goods were sold on credit – 75% of cars and half of major household appliances Availability of credit meant borrowers took on debts which they could not repay Influence in foreign countries: High tariffs were used to protect US markets however the government also encouraged businessmen to develop extensive interests abroad in terms of raw materials that fuelled technological developments. US exported vast amounts of manufactured products. In the 1920s with almost full employment, low inflation, high tariffs keeping foreign goods out of USA, benevolent government policies and a consumer boom the prosperity would go on forever.

Definition and Tips for Business Writing Best Practices

Business writing is a  professional communication tool (also known as  business communication or  professional writing) corporations and other professional entities use to communicate with either an internal or external audience. Memorandums,  reports,  proposals,  emails, and a variety of other business-related written materials are all forms of business writing. Tips for Effective Business Writing The purpose of business writing is a transactional one. Of course, the content of business writing relates to a business entity but it also relates to a specific and purposeful transaction between the writer and his or her audience. According to Brant W. Knapp, author of A Project Managers Guide to Passing the Project Management Exam, the best business writing can be understood clearly when read quickly. The message should be well planned, simple, clear, and direct. Fast Facts: Basic Business Writing Goals To Convey Information: Forms of business communication, such as research reports or policy memos, are written to disseminate knowledge.Delivers News: Professional writing is often used to share recent events and accomplishments with both internal and external audiences. Call to Action: Business professionals use writing in an attempt to influence others for numerous reasons from selling merchandise to passing legislature.Explains or justifies an Action: Professional communication allows a business entity to explain their beliefs or to justify their actions. The following tips, adapted from Oxford Living Dictionaries,  form a good foundation for business writing best practices. Put your main points first. State exactly why youre writing the correspondence upfront. One exception to this rule is for sales letters. Reminding the recipient of a past meeting or a common connection you share is an acceptable way to open as it may influence the recipient to be more amenable to your intended aims.Use everyday words. Using words such as about rather than concerning, expect rather than anticipate, and part instead of component will make your writing less stilted.Know your audience. Unless its aimed at an industry-specific audience, dont fill your writing with lots of technical jargon. (Specifics can be attached separately.) Adjust your tone to suit your intended reader. For instance, a letter of complaint would have a far different tone than a letter of reference. Finally—this should go without saying—never use derogatory or sexist language, and actively work to  eliminate gender-biased language from any form of business communication.Use contractions when possible. Business writing has undergone a shift from formal to a more accessible style so using we’re not we are, and we’ve not we have  is the way to go. Even so, you dont always have to use a contraction. A good rule of thumb is that if a contraction improves the sentence flow use it; if the sentence is more persuasive without it, use two words.Use active rather than passive verbs. Active verbs allow the reader to comprehend quickly and to understand more completely. For example, The decision has implemented to suspend production, leaves the interpretation of who made the decision to call it quits open. On the other hand, the meaning of, Weve decided to suspend production, is clear.Write tight. Again, using the example above, choosing the word decided rather than made the decision makes reading easier for the audience.Don’t be a slave to rules in every situation. Again, this is a case of knowing your audience. If your aim is to make your writing conve rsational, its fine to end a sentence with a preposition now and then, especially to improve flow and avoid awkward construction. That said, while many businesses have their own in-house style guides, elementary rules for style and grammar must be observed for your writing—and you—to be considered professional. Sloppy writing, poor word choices, or an unearned overly familiar attitude can come back to haunt you.Keep your font choices simple. Stick to a nice, clean type style such as Helvetica or Times New Roman and limit the number of fonts you use in correspondence. Your goal is something that legible and easy to read.Dont overuse visuals. According to sources at Technical Business Writing, Graphic displays should make up no more than 10 to 25 percent of the business writing. Too many graphics become confusing and often detract from the message you want to convey. A few, powerful, well-placed graphics will accomplish more to get your point across than something that looks like a bad attempt at scrapbooking.

The Politics Of Staring Visual Rhetorics Of Disability

Despite the fact that we like to think we have a free choice in our individuality, normalcy is forced through the constant pressure from society around us. In conforming, we receive advantages such as jobs, money, affection, all of which originate from conforming to the normalities of our society. In conforming, we try to satisfy others but not ourselves in fear of rejection. In our desperate attempts to please others, we often lose a part of ourselves in the process. Being deemed normal in society is a major part of everyone s lives and the abnormal are usually excluded from the public eye. In this paper I will prove how the forced sense of normalcy is ingrained into our minds even if we believe that we are free. Garland-Thomson’s â€Å"The Politics of Staring: Visual Rhetorics of Disability in Popular Photography† explains that normalcy is promoted and forced through the manipulation of photographs of disabled people. Creating photographs of the disabled forces an im age upon the viewer that may not be a realistic depiction of that disabled person’s daily life. Most disability photography gives an image that the reader will take as truth, and gives no room for the viewers own interpretations. This is done for many reasons, capital being at the top of the list. Producing images that are intended to be heartfelt like a March of Dimes campaign with a baby in a hospital is specifically made to raise awareness and raise money from donors who believe that their dimes will make aShow MoreRelatedThe Modern American View Of Disability1201 Words   |  5 PagesGonzalez 1 Odette Gonzalez Professor Jason Tucker WRI-102-L Assignment 1 3 February 2015 The Modern American View of Disability In Rosmarie Garland -Thomson: â€Å"The politics of Staring†, expresses how our society has changed over time. She views human’s theories in four different visual rhetoric’s which in this case I am going to call them speechmaking’s: the wondrous, the realistic, the sentimental and the exotic. From these four figures of speech Garland has shown our inclination to see disabledRead MoreStatement of Purpose23848 Words   |  96 Pagesstrategies, motivation, and a good instructor to help students to overcome the sense of alienation toward a new language or culture. My teachers started our English education by teaching the alphabets and phonetic symbols. Interesting games, colorful visual aids, or strategies were used to help raise our interest in learning English and the new culture. Some activities worked and indeed helped us a lot in training the so-called ―four skillsâ€â€" of a language; however, others failed. Frankly speaking, thoughRead MoreDev eloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesProject Manager: Kelly Warsak Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Ilene Kahn Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik Interior Design: Suzanne Duda and Michael Fruhbeis Permissions Project Manager: Shannon Barbe Manager, Cover Visual Research Permissions: Karen Sanatar Manager Central Design: Jayne Conte Cover Art: Getty Images, Inc. Cover Design: Suzanne Duda Lead Media Project Manager: Denise Vaughn Full-Service Project Management: Sharon Anderson/BookMasters, Inc. Composition:

Becoming An Effective Manager For Ssa Essay - 795 Words

I am an employee of ODAR in Tupelo, MS for Region IV. I have worked for SSA/ODAR for seven (7) years as Senior Legal Assistant, Administrative Assistant and now Hearing Operations System Administrator (GS-0335-09/4). During my years of service here, I have successfully accomplished my Associate degree in Public Administration, Bachelors in Business Administration and in August of this year, I will have my Master’s in Business Administration. I am also a veteran who served during Desert Storm and former Revenue Officer for the IRS. My future aspiration is to become an effective manager for SSA. To do that I will need precise guidance, training and experience. While serving in this program, my intentions and overall goal is to gain a combination of valuable KSAs by experiencing higher levels of work (GS 12 13) in the analytical, risk management and managerial fields. Furthermore, the exposure to SSA is valuable all in itself. Last year, I served on a SkillsConnect detail with OPE. I assisted with OPE’s national recruitment efforts in performing analysis and development the internal and external website pages for SSA Recruitment site to revitalize the National Recruitment Program. The exposure of working with OPE’s team members and the opportunity to redesign the internal and external webpages for SSA will be cherished greatly. Our website is set to â€Å"go live† in the very near future. In conclusion, the OEP program states that the OEP participant will be givenShow MoreRelatedThe Adams Equity Theory And Evaluating The Goal Setting Theory1881 Words   |  8 Pages Director of SSA Utilizing the Adams Equity Theory and evaluating the Goal Setting theory, employees are in need of evaluations to assist in improving their work ethic, knowing what they need to improve, and to motivate. Directors in Social Security Administration use an effective tool to assess their employees. Case Context: A. As a Director of Classification and Organization Management (CCOM) the Department is to provide the highest level of quality classification and position management serviceRead MoreFinancial Ratio of Airline Industry Average5613 Words   |  23 Pages3.2 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 CHAPTOR FOUR: MANAGEMENT OF CHANGE†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..16 CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..18 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..20 5 ACRONO MY EAC GoK IFC IOSA HR HRM JKIA KLM Kes KQ SSA SAA SOE UK East African Community Government of Kenya International Financial Corporation IATA Operational Safety Audit Human Resources Human Resources Management Jomo Kenyatta International Airport Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij (Royal Dutch Airlines)Read MoreBsnl Project3862 Words   |  16 Pagespublic sector remains a contentious strategic issue in the country; with the formation of a company, the internal strategy of the BSNL board will be of gaining considerable autonomy. Labour unions are powerful internal stakeholders, as are the middle managers/ other staff that have the primary responsibility for customer care. The following stakeholders diagram gives an insight about the changing telecom industry environment for BSNL. About BSNL Competitors * BHARTI:- Established in 1985, BhartiRead MoreStudy Assesement Managerial Science6643 Words   |  27 Pagesappropriate to compute the net present value. Here, the net present value of DAS’s RD initiative is $26,557,759.86 Since this is positive, DAS should spend the $30 million. Doing so adds about $26.6 million to the firm’s value. 2. As marketing manager for one of the world’s largest automakers, you are responsible for the advertising campaign for a new energy-efficient sports utility vehicle. 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Government Partnership in Gujarat * After a highly-successful remedial learning program run by Pratham in cooperation with the state government, Pratham has signed an MoU with the Gujarat education department, the SSA, to develop  Pragnya, a state-wide activity-based learning program, which includes curriculum design, training of teachers and government officials, teachinglearning materials, and constant support and monitoring at the ground level. The program hasRead MoreHrm Policies10725 Words   |  43 Pageswith the most suitable jobs and career paths within the organization. Human resource management functions are ideally positioned near the theoretic center of the organization, with access to all areas of the business. Since the HRM department or manager is charged with managing the productivity and development of workers at all levels, human resource personnel should have access to—and the support of—key decision makers. In addition, the HRM department should be situated in such a way that it isRead MoreIndian Oil Corporation Ltd. an Internship Report6090 Words   |  25 Pagesindirect manner, which helps in the shaping and achievement of success. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mr. Nilesh Nekaljay, Manager (TD) for granting me the opportunity to undertake an internship at the Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. (Marketing Division, Mumbai). I am extremely grateful to my project guide, Mr. Vigyan Kumar, Manager (Retail Sale) for his encouragement and patience throughout the duration of this project. Without his vision, guidance and support this report wouldRead MoreErp Sap Research Paper46896 Words   |  188 PagesII. Title. HD30.213.M68 2009 658. 4 038011- dc22 20070511 41 Editor-in-Chief: Eric Svendsen Executive Editor: Bob Horan Product Development Manager: Ashley Santora Assistant Editor: Kelly Loftus Marketing Manager: Anne Fahlgren Senior Managing Editor, Production: Judy Leale Associate Managing Editor, Production: Suzanne DeWorken Production Project Manager: Carol Samet Permissions Coordinator: Charles Morris Operations Specialist: Michelle Klein Cover Design: Bruce Kenselaar Cover photo/illustration:Read MoreStudy on Recruitment and Selection Process18240 Words   |  73 PagesVISAKHAPATNAM Submitted to (MADRAS UNIVERSITY) By K.S.ANURAJ Under the Guidance of (BATTULA.SRINIVAS RAO) Sr.HR MANAGER (personnel) Visakhapatnam steel plant visakhapatnam 1 A Report on RECRUITMENT SELECTION Submitted by K.S.ANURAJ Under the Guidance of BATTULA.SRINIVAS RAO Sr.HR MANAGER (personnel) Visakhapatnam steel plant Visakhapatnam Company Guide SHRI.KOSIREDDY RAJA ASSISATANT MANAGER (HRD) Visakhapatnam steel plant (A Report submitted in partial fulfillment of MBA Program -2009) 2 DECLARATION

Recruitment & Selection Case Study for Maple Leaf - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theRecruitment Selection Case Study for Maple Leaf. Answer: Introduction As per the case study of Maple Leaf Shoe Ltd. the strategy has to be made for the recruitment and selection of a result-oriented person who is capable of handling the employee criticism, redesigning job, dealing with union etc. The strategy would assist the business in attaining the goals during challenges. Recruitment Strategys Assessment The current practices of the company need to be changed as the experience is needed for the job of human resource manager. The human resource manager is one who has to take care of all the human resource needs of the business (Sayce, Weststar Verma, 2012). It is also suggested that recruitment manager should be hired separately because people must have a separate point of contact for discussing their issues from the day they are hired. The same person has to be the point of contact for sharing their feedback, grievances, suggestions up to the day the employees stay with the business. It is also suggested that the Internet and information system is applied to the recruitment strategy of the business and there is active listening applied to the human resources strategy. The manager should be approachable and quick decisions should be taken. The software must be utilised for human resource communications so that the employees feel easy and quick to deal with the management of their day to day human resource activities such as payroll management, scheduling, recruitments, reporting etc. Recruitments can also be made easier by use of human resource information system because lot of recruitment tasks will be systematic and automated. There would be less human intervention needed. For thefutureit is suggested that with the rise in technology,new softwareshould be embraced and therefore recruitment of Robinson would be better since having technical awareness and skills which make him ahead of other candidates.v Selection Strategys Assessment There are four people who have been finally shortlisted from different candidates and as per my suggestion; Steven Robinson is the best one. When others are also compared then Arthur, Jane and Michael follow Steven. He is the only one who is technically sound and holds the experience which suits the job requirements. He can be useful in the growth of the business and he can form a part of the HR strategy. The process has right steps of identifying all the job requirements and relating the skills with the job. The jobs and skills have to be linked and the steps have to be performed for measuring the peoples skills needed so that the basis of comparing their performance can be laid (Compton, Morrissey Nankervis, 2010). If the comparison of two persons has to be made then there has to be some criterion set which is common amongst them. From the case study it can be seen that none of the past experiences or skills of the four candidates are similar; therefore any of the factor can be chosen which can be Considered for comparing them. This factor can be anything which is critical for the performance such as the past track record of output, quality of work, review report given by the past superiors (Gavrel, 2015). It is also suggested that future decisions with respect to the selection of candidate must be based on some valid and relevant comparisons. Invalid or irrelevant comparisons cant be considered as basis of selection like the Record of leaves compared with record of units produced (Selection process, 2013). References Compton, R., Morrissey, B., Nankervis, A. Effective recruitment and selection practices. Gavrel, F. (2015). Participation, Recruitment Selection, and the Minimum Wage. The Scandinavian Journal Of Economics, 117(4), 1281-1305. Sayce, S., Weststar, J., Verma, A. (2012). The recruitment and selection of pension trustees: an integrative approach. Human Resource Management Journal, 24(3), 307-322. Selection process. (2013). [Austin, Tex.].

The Protestant Reformation VS The Counter

The Protestant Reformation VS The Counter-Reformation Essay ` The Reformation was a movement against the Catholic Church in the early 1500’s. The Counter-Reformation was a movement by the Catholic Church to ignite the passion that was once contagious in Europe, but had seemed to die down. In 1483 some would say that the greatest reformer of all time was born. Martin Luther changed the world forever when he posted his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenburg, Germany. His target audience was mostly the people that were fed up with the Catholic Church’s selling of indulgences. While the Catholic Church struggled with its own predicaments, they too fought back to regain their credibility. The Church attempted to get as many people back in the church as possible. Reputation, integrity, and the rights of people were at stake during the time of both reformations. We will write a custom essay on The Protestant Reformation VS The Counter-Reformation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now When looking at the Reformation and the Counter Reformation, one must consider the implications of each. Each had to have taken place for a reason, had their target audience, and both had to have an outcome. The Christian world, and moreover the entire world, would change due to this time of transformation that lasted about one hundred years. The reason for the Reformation was the irresponsibility of the Catholic leaders and their lack of interest in keeping their doctrines. The immediate cause of the Reformation was Luther (Spitz 57). It started on October 31, 1517 when he posted his 95 Theses on the subject of indulgences. This sent a jolt through the very soul of Christendom. The theme of these Theses was the doctrine of indulgences, acknowledging a minor point of Catholic Theology, which Luther meant to expound in a routine academic disputation (Hillerbrand xiv). At the time, Luther had no intention of splitting Christianity into two sects. In fact, Luther had no intent of even leaving the Catholic Church. His only intention was to get the Catholic leaders to realize what they were doing. Many people rallied around Luther and convinced him that he could challenge the Catholic Church, and eventually Luther started to believe it. In 1519 Luther repudiated the infallibility of the Pope and replaced him with sola scriptur a, Scripture alone. He believed that a person didn’t need a religious individual help them get to heaven; one just needed their faith. In 1520, Luther was excommunicated from the church for his, what some believed, outlandish remarks. The target audience for the movement in which Luther led was people who did not want anything to do with the Church. People who were in need of change and who yearned for different explanations in theology sought Luther’s advice and followed him. Although he was out of the church, Luther had brought a lot of people with him. Most people felt it was time for a change. The outcome of the Reformation is still very much felt today. Christianity has more than 15 major sects just in the US, not counting the sub-sects of those. Luther encouraged a new wave of thinking around the world. The Reformation and the Counter-Reformation had many differences, but they also had their similarities. Both happened because certain individuals sought change. Contrary to popular belief, the Counter Reformation was taking place before the Reformation. In the first place, the name suggests that the Catholic movement came after the Protestant, whereas in truth the reform originally began in the Catholic Church and Luther was a Catholic Reformer before he became a Protestant. By becoming a Protestant Reformer, he did indeed hinder the progress of the Catholic Reformation, but he did not stop it. The name most likely came from the fact that Protestant historians had been using it, most likely for propagandist attention. The Papal office had been sending missionaries all over Europe long before the Reformation to help recharge the enthusiasm that Catholicism once had. Not until the Protestant Reformation, though, did the Church realize that it really had a problem. In 1537, the Council of Trent was summoned (3: 46). During the council, leaders strictly forbade the further selling of indulgences and held individual Bishops and Priests responsibl e for their own diocese. Also, during the Council, new missionary groups were created to help regain the popularity of Catholicism. .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .postImageUrl , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:hover , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:visited , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:active { border:0!important; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:active , .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7 .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub96ae5136d39cd4600aec47c0cdd27f7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Loyalist And His Life EssayThe target audience for the Catholic Church was the people who they had lost because of the Reformation and others who had grown uninterested in the Church. The Catholic leaders were interested in getting back the people that they had lost from the Reformation. Sending out the Ursulines and the Jesuits as missionaries, Catholicism started to gain the people that they had lost. Even sending missionaries to previously uncharted territory seemed to be a very popular thing to do. The Catholics wanted to truly be catholic (Greek for Universal) again by sending their converters all over the world. The outcomes of the Counter-Reformation can even be felt today. The Jesuits are the most well known missionary group in the world. The Council of Trent helped ignite the fuel that the Catholic Church needed for change. If the leaders of the early Church hadnt taken action and brought about change, some of the most recent Councils, like Vatican II, may not have taken place. The Counter-Reformation brought on exactly that, change. In conclusion, the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation had both negative and positive effects. Both reformations, especially the Protestant reformation, brought on a whole new line of thinking, meanwhile splitting Christendom apart. In most cases, the Reformation was just a reformulation of Catholic values. New sects of Christianity appear nearly daily, all being Protestant. The Catholic Church is still the biggest sect of Christianity and still the biggest religion in the world. Despite the new sects, the Catholic Church population is growing more and more. The true Church founded by Christ cannot be destroyed. You are Peter and on this rock I build my Church and the gates of hell shall not prevail against it, (New American Bible, Matt 16:18).